Chapter 3 :(Chemistry for beginners) what is molecule, structure of molecule, types of chemical bond and chemical bonding

 In previous chapter we have learned about atom, it's structure, atomic number and mass numbers, now it's our tern to learn about molecules and chemical bonding.

Molecule:

Molecules are group of two or more than atoms that are chemically bonded together.

Structure of molecule :

A molecule consists of two most important things :

1)Atom:

The building block of molecule. 

2)chemical bonds:

The force that hold atoms together in a molecule. 

           For understanding this we can think of an example, which we have done in our life childhood for many times that is sticking two pages together with the help of glue. 

       Here, we can consider the two pages as atoms and glue as chemical bond. 

Types of chemical bonds:

1)covalent bond:

Bond formed when atoms share one or more pair of electrons. 

Note= covalent bonds are typically formed between two non-metal, when they share one or more pair of electron. 

 

Ex. :  H+H =H2

2)Ionic bond :

Bonds formed when one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another, resulting in the formation of ions with opposite charges. 

Ex:  Na+  + Cl-  =NaCl

Note : 1) ionic Bonds are stronger than covalent bond. 

2)ionic Bonds are formed between metal and non - metal. 

3)Hydrogen bonds :

Weak bond formed between atoms with hydrogen atom bonded to a highly electronegative atom. 

Chemical bonding :

Chemical bonding occurs when atoms interact with each other to form a more stable arrangement of electrons. 

Why atoms formed bond :

1)achieve a full outer energy level :

Atoms tends to gain, lose or share electrons to achieve a full outer energy level. 

2)Reduce energy :

Bond formation often result in a lower energy state for the atoms involved. 

Factors affecting chemical bonding :

There are several factors that affects chemical bonding :

1)electronegativity :

Ability of an atom to attract electrons. 

2) electron affinity :

The energy change when an electron is added to an atom. 

3) ionisation energy :

The energy required to remove an electron from an atom. 

Now, we have learned about what is chemistry, atoms and molecules it's structure, properties and chemical bonding and also cleared some basic concept. If you have problems regarding these, you can write it down in the comments, I will try to solve your queries as soon as possible.